Gang violence Essay - 550 Words

Gang violence (Essay Sample) Content: SummaryThis is a two page paper on the gang violence in the United States. This paper summarizes statistics and literature on gang violence, crime and activities from four articles. The paper outlines what the statistics and literature about gang violence imply, and how they will help in writing a research proposal on the same. The paper relies on four sources and is in APA format. Running head: GANG VIOLENCEGang ViolenceName:Institution:Instructor:Class: Gang ViolenceIntroductionThe majority of notorious gangs are found within the impoverished sections of Chicago, New York and Los Angeles cities (National Center for Victims of Crime, 2011). However, gang activities are not limited within these three cities, but are spread in the rural areas and the suburbs. According to National Gang Intelligence Centre (NGIC), gangs are evolving and expanding and this poses an increased threat to the safety of the United States public (FBI, 2011). Gangs are becoming more viole nt since the latest technology allows them to develop complex criminal networks that facilitate the international and transnational trafficking of illicit drugs. Gang violence is not limited to higher risk crime, but in other lower cadres such as white-collar crime and prostitution. Gangs have become more sophisticated, organized, opportunistic and adaptable and are utilizing the latest technology to recruit, perpetuate criminal activities, target rivals and communicate discretely. Gang StatisticsAccording to NGIC, gang membership has increased since 2009, as the current number of prison, active street gangs and Outlaw Motorcycle (OMGs) gangs is estimated to have reached 1.4 million. The total number of gangs in the US is approximately 33, 000 and membership has risen significantly in the Southeastern and Northeast regions (FBI, 2011). There is also a drastic rise in the ethnic gangs such as Asian, African, Eurasian and Caribbean gangs. The latest figure is a 40 percent increase from the 2009 estimated number of 1 million gang members (FBI, 2011). According to NGIC, this increase is attributed to aggressive recruitment by gangs through the social media, increased opportunities for drug trafficking and improved communication (FBI, 2011). Gang ViolenceGang related violence and crime is on the rise across many American communities. According to NGIC, in most jurisdictions, gang members are to blame for about 48 percent of violent crimes committed. In some states such as Oklahoma, Massachusetts, Illinois, Texas, Arizona, Colorado and California, gangs are blamed for over 90 percent of crimes committed (FBI, 2011). A comparison between NGIC 2010 gang data and FBI Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) violent crime data of 2009, shows that places such as Florida, Texas that experience most violent crimes, also have a higher presence of gangs (FBI, 2011). The rise in gang violence is as a result of conflicts among gangs as they fight over drug distribution ter ritories, gang migration into rivals territory and the return of imprisoned members into the society.The National Youth Gang Survey report shows that majority of gang violence is found within suburban counties and larger cities, and the gangs accounted for over 96 percent of 2009 gang homicides (FBI, 2011). In most jurisdictions, juvenile violence and gangs are on the rise and this is attributed to the aggressive recruitment in schools. The youths are targeted by gangs because they are more vulnerable and susceptible to the recruitment tactics. They are also more willing to engage in crime and get off with shorter sentences if caught. For example, in 2009, teen gang violence was blamed for the loss of 37 lives and 290 shootings in Chicago schools, which is sharp increase since 2006 (Simpson, 2009). Data Sources and InterpretationThe data sources reveal there is a significant presence of gangs in most jurisdictions and they are responsible for most gang related vio lence and crime. It is also evident from the data that gang membership is expanding nationwide and this attributed to the advanced technology that facilitates massive recruitment and easier communication. The data also reveals that aggressiv...

The Communist Manifesto, By Karl Marx And Thoreau

Between the late 1840’s and 1850’s industrial revolution and the growth of markets led to a clear distinction between the working class and the class of owners. People are working harder to live a luxurious life. During this time the Communist Manifesto (1848) by Karl Marx (1818- 1883) and Walden (1854) by Henry David Thoreau (1817 – 1862) were published. Both Marx and Thoreau were after ending slavery. Marx was after ending slavery among the class struggles, while Thoreau was after ending slavery from your self. Thoreau had a similar vision of utopia as Marx, however his approach to the problem was that revolution is internal rather than violent, pervasive and militaristic. They had radically different solutions and starting points to the similar problem Marx and Thoreau perceive. In Communist Manifesto, Marx introduces his philosophy by stating, â€Å"The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.† Marx presents various illustrations of class struggles between the oppressors and oppressed. Some examples include the â€Å"lord and serf†, â€Å"freeman and slave†, and â€Å"patrician and plebeian† to name a few. Marx suggests that the current struggle in society is between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. The bourgeoisies are the class of owners or the ruling class. What separates the bourgeoisies from the rest is that they have private property. According to Thoreau, private property is that which produces capital. It is buildings, engines, and machinery. InShow MoreRelatedThe Communist Manifesto And Walden1700 Words   |  7 Pages In the publications The Communist Manifesto and Walden, Karl Mark and Henry David Thoreau express the prevailing issues of a flawed functioning society. Marx conveys th e economic instability of his imperfect civilization, while Thoreau states the materialistic difficulties that prevail in his. Both authors portray a goal to pursue harmony throughout their societies but differentiate in their ways of achieving such freedom. Throughout The Communist Manifesto, Marx expresses the political, economicRead MoreThe Western Forecast Of The Post World War1408 Words   |  6 Pagesattitudes were shaped by western thinkers and approaches to revolution were somewhat governed by their surrounding environment. Mao was influenced namely by Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin, but Chinese political climate at the time mainly made him take a sympathetic revolutionary approach. Gandhi was impacted namely by Henry David Thoreau, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Nietzsche, but the Indian religious climate at the time made him take a nonviolent revolutionary approach. Collectively, both Eastern thinkers

Qualitative Tests of Carbohydrates Essay - 1238 Words

QUALITATIVE TESTS OF CARBOHYDRATES Final Lab Report Submitted by Brittany Fitzgerald 545301 Prepared for Nancy Cook Chemistry 3501 Monday November 26, 2012 RESULTS PART A: As a result of the Benedict’s test on various sugar solutions, it was found that galactose, mannose, arabinose, ribose, lactose, fructose, maltose, and cellobiose tested positively and therefore are considered reducing sugars. Glucose, starch, sucrose, and methyl-D-glucopyranoside on the other hand tested negatively and therefore are considered non-reducing sugars. Table 1. Results of Benedict’s test on various sugar solutions Sugar Solution | Color | Clarity | Glucose | Bright blue with orange tint on top | Clear | Galactose | Brown†¦show more content†¦These sugar solutions have the ability to reduce the copper (II) ions found in the Benedict’s reagent to produce copper (I) oxide, resulting in an alteration in color. Glucose, starch, sucrose, and methyl-D-glucopyranoside on the other hand tested negatively and therefore are considered non-reducing sugars. PART B: Seliwanoff’s test uses 6M hydrochloric acid as the dehydrating acid that differentiates a ketohexose from an aldohexose. A ketohexose (a 6-carbon sugar containing a ketone), such as fructofuranose dehydrates rapidly to yield 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, whereas an aldohexose (a 6-carbon sugar containing an aldehyde) on the other hand reacts more slowly but ultimately results in the same overall product (Mount Saint Vincent University, 2012). Once the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is produced it reacts with the resorcinol (a condensation reagent) of Seliwanoff’s reagent to form a deep rep condensation product. The colors and the rates in which they form are used to differentiate carbohydrates between ketoses and aldoses. As a result of the Seliwanoff’s test on various carbohydrates, it was found that only fructose and sucrose created a change in color. Sucrose gives a positive test as it is a disaccharide that consists of both fructose and glucose, therefore the fructoseShow MoreRelatedDetermination Of Blood Glucose Levels And Qualitative Carbohydrate Tests1507 Words   |  7 PagesPractical Report (Determination of blood glucose levels and qualitative carbohydrate tests) Introduction: The term ‘’Carbohydrates’’ is defined as the carbon compounds which contains hydroxyl groups in large quantities (King, 2013). Carbohydrates are those organic compounds which have the empirical formula CnH2nOn, or (CH2O)n (Fromm 1997). Carbohydrates are one of the four types of organic compounds in living cells that are produces during photosynthesis and are the important source of energy inRead MoreLab Report On Carbohydrates1285 Words   |  6 PagesCarbohydrates are compounds consisting of carbons, hydrogens, and oxygens. There are four different types of groups. Monosaccharides are one group such as glucose. Disaccharides are two monosaccharides joined together such as sucrose. Polysaccharides are large chains of monosaccharides bonded together such as starch. Oligosaccharides are small chains of monosaccharides. This lab uses six different carbohydrates. Those carbohydrates are glucose, fructose, ribose, lactose, sucrose, and starch. GlucoseRead MoreC hemical Structure Of Milk And Its Chemical Components1568 Words   |  7 PagesOlivia Isaacs C127 23 October 2014 Chemical Structure of Milk Objective: In this experiment, milk is separated into its different chemical components and qualitative tests are used to determine what the components are composed of and to determine the chemical structures. Introduction: Milk is composed of protein, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. Proteins consist of balanced negative and positive charges, which allow it to be soluble in milk. By adding an acid to the milk, the solubilityRead MoreAnalysis Of The Chemical Components Of Milk1641 Words   |  7 Pagesproduct separation in order to identify the major components of milk. Also, students were asked to use qualitative analytical tests in order to assign polar or non-polar properties to a component based on the separation scheme that was created from the separation. Introduction: Milk is a complex liquid that is composed of numerous different substances. Those substances include energy, water, carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamins, minerals, and minor biological proteins and enzymes (Milk Facts). WaterRead MoreOrganic Compounds Lab Report Essay703 Words   |  3 Pages 11/12/07 1. Background Organic compounds are, by definition, any chemical compound containing carbon. These compounds include carbohydrates, polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Each one of these compounds has a different purpose. Carbohydrates give energy to cells when consumed. Lipids are basically the fats of a cell. Proteins are the building blocks of muscle in a cell. Nucleic acids are used to transfer genetic informationRead MoreCOMPARATIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET.1695 Words   |  7 PagesCOMPARATIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET. CHEMISTRY PROJECT On Content of Cold Drinks Available in the Market Poison vs. Nutrition AIM COMPARATIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET. 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Food Fortification free essay sample

There is an estimated 2 billion cases of anaemia worldwide. ?In developing countries, anaemia prevalence rates are expected to be about 50% in pregnant women and infants under two years, 40% in school-aged children. ?Iron deficiency is estimated to be responsible for about 50% of all anaemia cases.? Reduced cognitive performance ? Lower work performance ?Increased risk of maternal and child mortality. Vitamin A? An estimated 254 million preschool children are vitamin A deficient. ?Increased risk of mortality in children and pregnant women ? Night blindness, xerophthalmia Iodine? An estimated 2 billion people have inadequate iodine nutrition and therefore are at risk of iodine deficiency disorders.? Birth defects and increased risk of stillbirth and infant mortality ? Impaired cognitive function ?Goitre Food fortification in Africa In Africa, about thirty six countries are routinely fortifying salt with iodine, and several of these, including Benin, Cameroon, Mali, Nigeria, and Zimbabwe have achieved high rates of salt iodization. Over 70% of all new-born babies are now protected from brain damage due to iodine deficiency. We will write a custom essay sample on Food Fortification or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Relief and development agencies, notably the World Food Programme (WFP), the United Nations key agency in the fight against hunger, increasingly require that the commodities they procure for distribution be fortified with key vitamins and minerals, according to international and national standards. Countries in Africa, particularly West Africa, represent some of the most nutritionally at risk and most food insecure populations in the world and the consequences are enormous. Sub-Saharan Africa is home to 14% of the world’s micronutrient malnourished populations, that is, nearly 170 million people are suffering from either vitamin A, iodine or iron deficiencies. Countries in Africa, particularly West Africa, represent some of the most nutritionally at risk and most food insecure populations in the world Market Analysis The world has recently started realising the full extent and impact of icronutrient malnutrition. Deficits in three key micronutrients — vitamin A, iron and iodine — remain a major concern to governments around the world. Governments, often assisted by international agencies and non-governmental organizations and industry, have for many decades taken steps to eliminate or reduce micronutrient deficiencies. Building on the impressive results of the reduction in iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) through the fortification of table salt with iodine, vigorous efforts are currently being made to address other micronutrient deficiencies through the fortification of appropriate foods. Micronutrients are added to foods at three levels: such as whole grain milled cereals, oils fats, sugar and salt BASIC FOODS such as breads, biscuits, packaged cereals and dairy products VALUE ADDED FOODS such as condiments, beverages convenience foods and sweets and candies Commonly Fortified Foods Across the World The most commonly fortified foods and associated nutrients are: FoodNutrient SaltIodine, Iron, Fluoride Wheat and Maize floursIron, Folic Acid, B Vitamins, Vitamin A, Zinc Cooking Oils and FatsVitamins A and D SugarVitamin A Condiments (Sauces)Iron MilkVitamins A and D, Iron Complementary FoodsIron, Folic Acid, B Vitamins, Vitamin A, Zinc Key Competitors/Major Players There are three key players in the production of vitamins and mineral premixes for both humans and animals. They include ? DSM Nutritional Product ?Lycored ?Provimi DSM nutritional products are one of the leading supplier of vitamins, carotenoids and other ingredients to the feed, food, pharmaceuticals industry. They manufacture and supply micronutrients blends and premixes. The business has sales of over EUR 2 billion and a long tradition as a pioneer in the discovery of new products, new formulations and attractive applications for all industry segments. LycoRed, headquartered in the UK, LycoRed is a global vitamin premix mineral premix supplier. It manufactures custom-made premixes for the food and dietary supplement industries. They provide vertical fortification solutions from innovative, proprietary ingredients through extensive formulation know-how. Provimi is a worldwide market leader in premixes. The company is headquartered in The Netherlands and it specializes in animal nutrition.