Gang violence Essay - 550 Words

Gang violence (Essay Sample) Content: SummaryThis is a two page paper on the gang violence in the United States. This paper summarizes statistics and literature on gang violence, crime and activities from four articles. The paper outlines what the statistics and literature about gang violence imply, and how they will help in writing a research proposal on the same. The paper relies on four sources and is in APA format. Running head: GANG VIOLENCEGang ViolenceName:Institution:Instructor:Class: Gang ViolenceIntroductionThe majority of notorious gangs are found within the impoverished sections of Chicago, New York and Los Angeles cities (National Center for Victims of Crime, 2011). However, gang activities are not limited within these three cities, but are spread in the rural areas and the suburbs. According to National Gang Intelligence Centre (NGIC), gangs are evolving and expanding and this poses an increased threat to the safety of the United States public (FBI, 2011). Gangs are becoming more viole nt since the latest technology allows them to develop complex criminal networks that facilitate the international and transnational trafficking of illicit drugs. Gang violence is not limited to higher risk crime, but in other lower cadres such as white-collar crime and prostitution. Gangs have become more sophisticated, organized, opportunistic and adaptable and are utilizing the latest technology to recruit, perpetuate criminal activities, target rivals and communicate discretely. Gang StatisticsAccording to NGIC, gang membership has increased since 2009, as the current number of prison, active street gangs and Outlaw Motorcycle (OMGs) gangs is estimated to have reached 1.4 million. The total number of gangs in the US is approximately 33, 000 and membership has risen significantly in the Southeastern and Northeast regions (FBI, 2011). There is also a drastic rise in the ethnic gangs such as Asian, African, Eurasian and Caribbean gangs. The latest figure is a 40 percent increase from the 2009 estimated number of 1 million gang members (FBI, 2011). According to NGIC, this increase is attributed to aggressive recruitment by gangs through the social media, increased opportunities for drug trafficking and improved communication (FBI, 2011). Gang ViolenceGang related violence and crime is on the rise across many American communities. According to NGIC, in most jurisdictions, gang members are to blame for about 48 percent of violent crimes committed. In some states such as Oklahoma, Massachusetts, Illinois, Texas, Arizona, Colorado and California, gangs are blamed for over 90 percent of crimes committed (FBI, 2011). A comparison between NGIC 2010 gang data and FBI Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) violent crime data of 2009, shows that places such as Florida, Texas that experience most violent crimes, also have a higher presence of gangs (FBI, 2011). The rise in gang violence is as a result of conflicts among gangs as they fight over drug distribution ter ritories, gang migration into rivals territory and the return of imprisoned members into the society.The National Youth Gang Survey report shows that majority of gang violence is found within suburban counties and larger cities, and the gangs accounted for over 96 percent of 2009 gang homicides (FBI, 2011). In most jurisdictions, juvenile violence and gangs are on the rise and this is attributed to the aggressive recruitment in schools. The youths are targeted by gangs because they are more vulnerable and susceptible to the recruitment tactics. They are also more willing to engage in crime and get off with shorter sentences if caught. For example, in 2009, teen gang violence was blamed for the loss of 37 lives and 290 shootings in Chicago schools, which is sharp increase since 2006 (Simpson, 2009). Data Sources and InterpretationThe data sources reveal there is a significant presence of gangs in most jurisdictions and they are responsible for most gang related vio lence and crime. It is also evident from the data that gang membership is expanding nationwide and this attributed to the advanced technology that facilitates massive recruitment and easier communication. The data also reveals that aggressiv...

The Communist Manifesto, By Karl Marx And Thoreau

Between the late 1840’s and 1850’s industrial revolution and the growth of markets led to a clear distinction between the working class and the class of owners. People are working harder to live a luxurious life. During this time the Communist Manifesto (1848) by Karl Marx (1818- 1883) and Walden (1854) by Henry David Thoreau (1817 – 1862) were published. Both Marx and Thoreau were after ending slavery. Marx was after ending slavery among the class struggles, while Thoreau was after ending slavery from your self. Thoreau had a similar vision of utopia as Marx, however his approach to the problem was that revolution is internal rather than violent, pervasive and militaristic. They had radically different solutions and starting points to the similar problem Marx and Thoreau perceive. In Communist Manifesto, Marx introduces his philosophy by stating, â€Å"The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.† Marx presents various illustrations of class struggles between the oppressors and oppressed. Some examples include the â€Å"lord and serf†, â€Å"freeman and slave†, and â€Å"patrician and plebeian† to name a few. Marx suggests that the current struggle in society is between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. The bourgeoisies are the class of owners or the ruling class. What separates the bourgeoisies from the rest is that they have private property. According to Thoreau, private property is that which produces capital. It is buildings, engines, and machinery. InShow MoreRelatedThe Communist Manifesto And Walden1700 Words   |  7 Pages In the publications The Communist Manifesto and Walden, Karl Mark and Henry David Thoreau express the prevailing issues of a flawed functioning society. Marx conveys th e economic instability of his imperfect civilization, while Thoreau states the materialistic difficulties that prevail in his. Both authors portray a goal to pursue harmony throughout their societies but differentiate in their ways of achieving such freedom. Throughout The Communist Manifesto, Marx expresses the political, economicRead MoreThe Western Forecast Of The Post World War1408 Words   |  6 Pagesattitudes were shaped by western thinkers and approaches to revolution were somewhat governed by their surrounding environment. Mao was influenced namely by Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin, but Chinese political climate at the time mainly made him take a sympathetic revolutionary approach. Gandhi was impacted namely by Henry David Thoreau, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Nietzsche, but the Indian religious climate at the time made him take a nonviolent revolutionary approach. Collectively, both Eastern thinkers

Qualitative Tests of Carbohydrates Essay - 1238 Words

QUALITATIVE TESTS OF CARBOHYDRATES Final Lab Report Submitted by Brittany Fitzgerald 545301 Prepared for Nancy Cook Chemistry 3501 Monday November 26, 2012 RESULTS PART A: As a result of the Benedict’s test on various sugar solutions, it was found that galactose, mannose, arabinose, ribose, lactose, fructose, maltose, and cellobiose tested positively and therefore are considered reducing sugars. Glucose, starch, sucrose, and methyl-D-glucopyranoside on the other hand tested negatively and therefore are considered non-reducing sugars. Table 1. Results of Benedict’s test on various sugar solutions Sugar Solution | Color | Clarity | Glucose | Bright blue with orange tint on top | Clear | Galactose | Brown†¦show more content†¦These sugar solutions have the ability to reduce the copper (II) ions found in the Benedict’s reagent to produce copper (I) oxide, resulting in an alteration in color. Glucose, starch, sucrose, and methyl-D-glucopyranoside on the other hand tested negatively and therefore are considered non-reducing sugars. PART B: Seliwanoff’s test uses 6M hydrochloric acid as the dehydrating acid that differentiates a ketohexose from an aldohexose. A ketohexose (a 6-carbon sugar containing a ketone), such as fructofuranose dehydrates rapidly to yield 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, whereas an aldohexose (a 6-carbon sugar containing an aldehyde) on the other hand reacts more slowly but ultimately results in the same overall product (Mount Saint Vincent University, 2012). Once the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is produced it reacts with the resorcinol (a condensation reagent) of Seliwanoff’s reagent to form a deep rep condensation product. The colors and the rates in which they form are used to differentiate carbohydrates between ketoses and aldoses. As a result of the Seliwanoff’s test on various carbohydrates, it was found that only fructose and sucrose created a change in color. Sucrose gives a positive test as it is a disaccharide that consists of both fructose and glucose, therefore the fructoseShow MoreRelatedDetermination Of Blood Glucose Levels And Qualitative Carbohydrate Tests1507 Words   |  7 PagesPractical Report (Determination of blood glucose levels and qualitative carbohydrate tests) Introduction: The term ‘’Carbohydrates’’ is defined as the carbon compounds which contains hydroxyl groups in large quantities (King, 2013). Carbohydrates are those organic compounds which have the empirical formula CnH2nOn, or (CH2O)n (Fromm 1997). Carbohydrates are one of the four types of organic compounds in living cells that are produces during photosynthesis and are the important source of energy inRead MoreLab Report On Carbohydrates1285 Words   |  6 PagesCarbohydrates are compounds consisting of carbons, hydrogens, and oxygens. There are four different types of groups. Monosaccharides are one group such as glucose. Disaccharides are two monosaccharides joined together such as sucrose. Polysaccharides are large chains of monosaccharides bonded together such as starch. Oligosaccharides are small chains of monosaccharides. This lab uses six different carbohydrates. Those carbohydrates are glucose, fructose, ribose, lactose, sucrose, and starch. GlucoseRead MoreC hemical Structure Of Milk And Its Chemical Components1568 Words   |  7 PagesOlivia Isaacs C127 23 October 2014 Chemical Structure of Milk Objective: In this experiment, milk is separated into its different chemical components and qualitative tests are used to determine what the components are composed of and to determine the chemical structures. Introduction: Milk is composed of protein, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. Proteins consist of balanced negative and positive charges, which allow it to be soluble in milk. By adding an acid to the milk, the solubilityRead MoreAnalysis Of The Chemical Components Of Milk1641 Words   |  7 Pagesproduct separation in order to identify the major components of milk. Also, students were asked to use qualitative analytical tests in order to assign polar or non-polar properties to a component based on the separation scheme that was created from the separation. Introduction: Milk is a complex liquid that is composed of numerous different substances. Those substances include energy, water, carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamins, minerals, and minor biological proteins and enzymes (Milk Facts). WaterRead MoreOrganic Compounds Lab Report Essay703 Words   |  3 Pages 11/12/07 1. Background Organic compounds are, by definition, any chemical compound containing carbon. These compounds include carbohydrates, polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Each one of these compounds has a different purpose. Carbohydrates give energy to cells when consumed. Lipids are basically the fats of a cell. Proteins are the building blocks of muscle in a cell. Nucleic acids are used to transfer genetic informationRead MoreCOMPARATIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET.1695 Words   |  7 PagesCOMPARATIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET. CHEMISTRY PROJECT On Content of Cold Drinks Available in the Market Poison vs. Nutrition AIM COMPARATIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET. 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Your doctor will advise you when and how you should test your blood glucose levels as well as how many tests are needed and the levels you need to aim for (Diabetes Australia n.d.). Nutrition Whilst the development of type 1 diabetes is not associated with obesity or an inactive lifestyle, it is particularly important to consider the type and quantity of carbohydrates you eat. As well as the timing of the meals relative to the administration of insulin to achieveRead MorePsychology - Obesity Case1177 Words   |  5 Pages1) Select a topic that you are interested in (in form of variable), start from general idea or area, attach your reading in your portfolio: Answer: The topic that we are going to test and discuss is Obesity. 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Food Fortification free essay sample

There is an estimated 2 billion cases of anaemia worldwide. ?In developing countries, anaemia prevalence rates are expected to be about 50% in pregnant women and infants under two years, 40% in school-aged children. ?Iron deficiency is estimated to be responsible for about 50% of all anaemia cases.? Reduced cognitive performance ? Lower work performance ?Increased risk of maternal and child mortality. Vitamin A? An estimated 254 million preschool children are vitamin A deficient. ?Increased risk of mortality in children and pregnant women ? Night blindness, xerophthalmia Iodine? An estimated 2 billion people have inadequate iodine nutrition and therefore are at risk of iodine deficiency disorders.? Birth defects and increased risk of stillbirth and infant mortality ? Impaired cognitive function ?Goitre Food fortification in Africa In Africa, about thirty six countries are routinely fortifying salt with iodine, and several of these, including Benin, Cameroon, Mali, Nigeria, and Zimbabwe have achieved high rates of salt iodization. Over 70% of all new-born babies are now protected from brain damage due to iodine deficiency. We will write a custom essay sample on Food Fortification or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Relief and development agencies, notably the World Food Programme (WFP), the United Nations key agency in the fight against hunger, increasingly require that the commodities they procure for distribution be fortified with key vitamins and minerals, according to international and national standards. Countries in Africa, particularly West Africa, represent some of the most nutritionally at risk and most food insecure populations in the world and the consequences are enormous. Sub-Saharan Africa is home to 14% of the world’s micronutrient malnourished populations, that is, nearly 170 million people are suffering from either vitamin A, iodine or iron deficiencies. Countries in Africa, particularly West Africa, represent some of the most nutritionally at risk and most food insecure populations in the world Market Analysis The world has recently started realising the full extent and impact of icronutrient malnutrition. Deficits in three key micronutrients — vitamin A, iron and iodine — remain a major concern to governments around the world. Governments, often assisted by international agencies and non-governmental organizations and industry, have for many decades taken steps to eliminate or reduce micronutrient deficiencies. Building on the impressive results of the reduction in iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) through the fortification of table salt with iodine, vigorous efforts are currently being made to address other micronutrient deficiencies through the fortification of appropriate foods. Micronutrients are added to foods at three levels: such as whole grain milled cereals, oils fats, sugar and salt BASIC FOODS such as breads, biscuits, packaged cereals and dairy products VALUE ADDED FOODS such as condiments, beverages convenience foods and sweets and candies Commonly Fortified Foods Across the World The most commonly fortified foods and associated nutrients are: FoodNutrient SaltIodine, Iron, Fluoride Wheat and Maize floursIron, Folic Acid, B Vitamins, Vitamin A, Zinc Cooking Oils and FatsVitamins A and D SugarVitamin A Condiments (Sauces)Iron MilkVitamins A and D, Iron Complementary FoodsIron, Folic Acid, B Vitamins, Vitamin A, Zinc Key Competitors/Major Players There are three key players in the production of vitamins and mineral premixes for both humans and animals. They include ? DSM Nutritional Product ?Lycored ?Provimi DSM nutritional products are one of the leading supplier of vitamins, carotenoids and other ingredients to the feed, food, pharmaceuticals industry. They manufacture and supply micronutrients blends and premixes. The business has sales of over EUR 2 billion and a long tradition as a pioneer in the discovery of new products, new formulations and attractive applications for all industry segments. LycoRed, headquartered in the UK, LycoRed is a global vitamin premix mineral premix supplier. It manufactures custom-made premixes for the food and dietary supplement industries. They provide vertical fortification solutions from innovative, proprietary ingredients through extensive formulation know-how. Provimi is a worldwide market leader in premixes. The company is headquartered in The Netherlands and it specializes in animal nutrition.

Taoism Vs. Christianity Essays - Taoism, Immortality, Tao, Absolute

Taoism Vs. Christianity THE WAY TO IMMORTALITY A Comparison Between Taoism and Christianity and the Paths They Take to Reach Immortality PH 200 The basic structure of both Taoism and Christianity are parallel because they work to attain the same goal. It is apparent in both religions that by following a pure path, and devoiding ones self of earthly ambitions, wealth, and desires, one may reach the ultimate goal of immortality. But the way in which one reaches this goal is very different. Both religions believe in an entity that has existed before the universe, is the creator of all things, and loves and provides for all of creation. The Taoist believes in Tao, which remains a ?formless?, spiritual stare of mind. It rejects names and is therefore ?nameless? and unable to be spoken. Christians, however, believe in God, which takes on an active human form and is spoken as ?the word? of God. However, it is the differences between Tao and God that present the most evident factors that separate Taoism from Christianity. Unlike the Tao, God rules as a supreme being, while the Tao is at one with all, and does not master over anything. It is obvious that immortality is the goal in both religions, but the Taoist concept of immortality, and the way in which they become immortal differs from the of the Christians. Immortality, to the Taoist, is to achieve Tao, becoming at one with the universe. Christian immortality is to reach heaven, and walk along side God. Also, the Taoist must follow an individual path, that comes from within. While a Christian may reach heaven only by acts of his/her own goodness in accordance with their relationship with God. Creation, in both Taoism and Christianity, is stemmed from a source that always was and always will be. Taoists base their beliefs around the Tao, and the Christians believe in God. However, the essence of these two separate ideas differ dramatically in many other aspects. Unlike Tao, which claims to be ?formless?, God takes on an actual form, the image of man. The very first sentence of John's Gospel states, ?In the beginning was the one who was called the word...? This statement confirms the existence of a single being. Later in the text it is said that ?the word became flesh and dwelt among us?, thus becoming like a human. In contrast, the great Tao is ?infinite?; it flows everywhere and is always present, yet it cannot be seen or touched. It is ?empty like a bowl? and ?bottomless? yet its capacity cannot be exhausted. The Tao's own intangibility demonstrates the notion that it is frameless and therefore is not constructed into any shape or form. While speech and understanding remain the basis for following Christianity, the Tao cannot be spoken, and therefore can never be fully explained in words. According to the Gospel of John, in the Christian Bible, God sent John down to earth to speak ?the word? and lead the people to have faith. In order for Christians to acquire an understanding of their faith, they must receive some form of teaching or instruction. Christians go to church to hear ?the word? that is verbally preached to them through the words of a priest, who acts as a servant to God. With this being understood it can be concluded that without language, as the basis for understanding, Christianity could not exist. Taoism, on the other hand, emphasizes the fact that it is unspoken and therefore can never be verbally told or explained. Tao is described as being ?nameless?. It is exceeds beyond verbal communication and comprehension. ?Words can be used to speak of it, but they cannot be used to contain it.? Both Tao and God love and take care of all of creation. Every living thing depends on them for life. But the Tao is not a supreme being as God is to the Christians because Taoism is not monotheistic. The main focus in Taoism is not the worship of one god, but instead coming into harmony with Tao. Tao ?clothes and feeds all things but does not claim to be master over them.? Thus he says, ?the universe and I exist together, and all things and I are one.? God, on the other hand, stands above the universe as a higher being. He rules by power, setting certain standards which Christians are to live by and obey in order to reach salvation. The Ten Commandments, also known as ?the law of man?, are a set of rules, developed by God, that people are to abide by in order to avoid wrongdoing. Another element that separates the Tao from

A Matter of Failure Turned Successful essays

A Matter of Failure Turned Successful essays What factors turned Englands Chesapeake colony of Virginia from stark failure to brilliant success? In the 1580s, the English landed in an unknown world called America. They quickly set up camp and created the small city of Roanoke, in present-day North Carolina. The population of Roanoke colony was very small; they were Englishs prototype colony. The expedition leader, John White, was very excited and returned home to England to spread the news. When he returned to Roanoke in 1590, he returned to an abandoned colony, with no signs of what happened. The Roanoke Colony was a miserable failure. English colonization was delayed afterwards due to Englands war with Spain, from 1588 to 1604. But once the war was over, England was back at it again and set forth to the Chesapeake Bay. The Virginia Company, who was a group of investors, set sail once again in 1607 and created a fort named Jamestown. The difference between Jamestown and Roanoke is... Jamestown was a success. The first couple years for Jamestown settlers was hard, especially in the cold, violent Atlantic Coast winters. Jamestown was doomed the first winter until the Powhatan tribe came the rescue. After the first couple winters were over with, the Chesapeake started to boom economically. One of the biggest allies of the Chesapeake was tobacco. Tobacco was unknown to England, and in 1613, John Rolfe developed a hybrid cured Virginia leaf. This new phenomenon was packaged and shipped to England and the rest of Europe, and the smoking craze was on. With tobacco on the rise for the Virginia Company, they needed much help farming it. The Virginia Company was giving land away in the Chesapeake to anyone who can afford the trip over. In the years between 1619 and 1624, 4,500 new English settlers arrived to raise tobacco. For those who wanted to get out of England and couldnt afford it, the Virginia Company paid their way. T...

Control of the Distribution of Goods from the Colonies Essay

Control of the Distribution of Goods from the Colonies - Essay Example Enumerated goods are goods not available naturally in England, which included wood, tobacco, sugar, dyes, hemp, furs, coffee, silk, and other native items from conquered lands. While items like coffee and sugar were luxuries, other items like wood were necessities. If England controlled the enumerated good of wood, construction on British projects was advanced. The more ships built meant a greater navy. A greater navy would not only conquer more colonies but could be used against other European countries. Enumerated goods helped England fortify their position as a leader. Â  England controlled the distribution of enumerated goods in order to provide for the British. The enumerated goods of coffee, sugar, cocoa, silk, and furs helped boost the economy. Shipbuilders and crews would give the government a tax or percentage of each cargo. The crews would receive salaries. Then the backer of the expedition would receive money for the rest of the cargo. The merchants that bought the items would sell them to the public making a profit. The consumer would receive these luxuries. The England and the British colonies were benefiting from these goods economically as well as politically. Â  Finally, the control of enumerated goods encouraged English shipbuilding. The wood used to build ships was harvested from native lands. The more wood that England controlled, the more ships could be built. Ships were the key to exploration, colony formation, and the importation of enumerated goods. A greater number of English ships meant more exploration, colony formation, and importing of enumerated goods could be achieved. Â  Domestic shipbuilding also took pressure off of the Crown. If rich individuals were building ships, the Crown benefited. Without any expense of their own, the Crown would tax cargo and shipments. They were receiving money without any cost.